Smithsonian Education Conference Blog: Climate Change

Helping Kids to be Green: 4th Grade Gardeners

I teach at an elementary school in suburban Washington, D.C., and have worked as both an educational consultant and a volunteer at the Smithsonian. There I have learned a great deal about “being green” and climate change. Every day I spend at the Smithsonian, I learn something new from interacting directly with curatorial staff (which this online conference makes possible for thousands of people) and from exhibitions like the Sant Ocean Hall or Doug Owsley's Written in Bone. From that exhibition and working with Doug, I found out how anthropologists use information from burial sites and human remains to understand environmental conditions that existed in the Chesapeake Bay region during the 17th century. I’ve also learned about declining bird populations and other environmental impacts that, as an educator, I want to address.

At my school, the adults have found several ways to model and encourage green practices and behaviors. Kids care about their world, and with a little guidance and support, they can make an impact on its health. Three years ago the 4th graders used a tool from the Chesapeake Bay Foundation called "Schoolyard Survey," to identify the areas on the school grounds that are trouble spots for erosion and runoff. My school is just uphill from Rock Creek, a tributary of the Potomac River. The kids identified some areas around our portable classrooms where erosion had created gullies and where rainwater runoff was causing water to sheet across a staff parking lot, pick up pollutants, and dump the contaminated water into a storm drain that is connected to Rock Creek. The kids talked about possible solutions for these problems and decided to (with the help of staff from the Woodend Nature Sanctuary's Audubon Society GreenKids program) install a 900-square-foot native plants garden and three rain barrels to drain and collect water from the portable classroom rooftops. The children also labeled storm drain openings with Do Not Dump signs. The garden is cared for by the current “crop” of 4th graders and by the 3rd and 4th grade Garden Club members.

Native plants garden created by 4th grade students in Montgomery County, Maryland
(Photo by Jackie Moore)

On the road in Wyoming: The Secretary’s travel journal (day two)

By G. Wayne Clough, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution

Wednesday, July 15: Weather, 62 degrees and sunny at 7 a.m.

A picture-perfect day for venturing into the field. We head first to the grocery store to obtain provisions for lunch and plenty of water, something that will be much needed in the dry climate and the heat of the day. Scott explains that we will visit three sites where teams are working to investigate the PETM and its consequences from different perspectives. He and his colleagues consider this area ideal for their work since the deep sedimentary deposits of the basin capture the stratigraphic profile of the time leading up to the PETM, the PETM itself and the years following it. The rock strata in this large basin slope inward at the sides and are relatively horizontal in the center, but regional uplift in the last few million years has once again loosed the power of erosion, carving deep gullies and valleys that expose PETM rocks and allow the researchers to find the fossils and other evidence they seek. Adding to the favorable geologic circumstances, much of the land is under the management of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, which has been helpful to the research teams, and it is transected by a network of dirt roads maintained by an energy company that operates the many oil jacks that remove oil from the mature oil field in the region.

Scott Wing points out the red and gray strata
visible in the distant hills.
(Photo by Wayne Clough)

The drive to the research sites from Worland is about 15 miles. They are located to take maximum advantage of the exposures of the beds deposited during the time of the PETM. The relevant stratigraphy begins with the underlying gray, brown and tan deposits known as the Fort Union Formation, which formed during the Paleocene Epoch just before the time of the PETM. This was a period of relatively stable carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere and a warm, moderate climate that allowed temperate and subtropical plants to grow as far north as Wyoming. The Paleocene was a time of rapid evolution among mammals, probably because the dinosaurs had gone extinct at its beginning. Many of these early mammals did not survive the PETM or began to decline in diversity at that time.

On the road in Wyoming: The Secretary’s travel journal (day one)

By G. Wayne Clough, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution

Tuesday, July 14. Worland, Wyoming.

It is reasonable to ask why the Secretary of the Smithsonian would make a visit to tiny Worland, Wyo. Worland is located in the northern central part of Wyoming, in the Bighorn Basin to the west of the Bighorn Mountains. Drive east and you come to the towns of Ten Sleep and Buffalo; go north and you find Basin and Greybull; head south and you will arrive at Thermopolis; and to the west are Meeteetse and Cody.  Worland, with a population of about 5,000, is the county seat of Washakie County, named for a great chief of the Shoshone Indians. Familiar western legends abound here: Butch Cassidy lived in Meeteetse, and his Hole in the Wall hideout is near Buffalo. Cody is named after Buffalo Bill Cody himself who had a large ranch in the vicinity. But I did not come to Worland because of the western lore, or even to indulge in the hunting, fishing and scenery that attract visitors. I am here to learn more about global climate change.

Climate Change and Spaceflight: Is There A Connection?

I was struck by the relationship between climate change and spaceflight while rereading lately Jared Diamond’s fascinating 2004 book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. The broad premise of Diamond’s book is that societies have collapsed many times in the past and that we may understand how and why this occurred. He contends that these disasters in human history are the result of a confluence of five major elements: (1) environmental damage resulting in resource depletion; (2) climate change; (3) hostile neighbors; (4) loss of trade partners; and (5) a society’s responses to its challenges (p. 15).

Diamond applies this analytic model to several past civilizations, including Easter Island (this society collapsed due mostly to environmental damage), the Polynesians of Pitcairn Island (environmental damage and loss of trading partners), the Anasazi of the Southwestern United States (environmental damage and climate change), the Maya of Central America (environmental damage, climate change, and hostile neighbors), and the Greenland Norse (who collapsed because of all five factors). He also includes a few success stories from history as well—especially in Tikopia, New Guinea, and Japan—before moving on to more recent societies.

This is a sweeping analysis; one with much to offer those interested in effecting public policy at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Diamond contends that environmental damage, resource depletion, and climate change all portend disastrous consequences for the future. On the other hand, he has confidence that humanity can respond to these challenges but that the time for action has arrived.

Looking for Dialogue but Finding Talk

I’m Jarrid Green, a former Smithsonian intern and recent college graduate from the University of Maryland. Now I am working with conference organizers at the Smithsonian Center for Education and Museum Studies to create dialogue with  an online community of individuals and groups interested in climate change research, but also broader topics such as virtual conferencing, STEM education, the Smithsonian, and others that the conference may raise.  I’m very interested in creating opportunities for students through community engagement, so I’m excited that part of my job here is writing for this new blog, to bring the perspective of a young person to the discussion about climate change.

My job also involves contacting online communities and connecting with them. For the most part, that project seems simple. As I search online I am discovering an increasingly strong usage of social networking tools by educators and a myriad of government agencies and other organizations. Searching for insight into communities of scientists, teachers, and students, I often stumble upon a platform for discussion, or should I say, talk.

There are some communities and blogs, for example, where a published post will generate commentary from followers and some who choose to comment upon the post agree or disagree with one or two people. The information may be republished in other blogs or by other parties, but it all seems to be done in such a very “flash-in-the-pan” way, meaning, overwhelmingly introductory, not processed, reflected upon, or transformed into better or more refined ideas in a way that often happens in person-to-person conversations. Where real conversation actually does occur, it seems to be largely unnoticed by subsequent writers.  Perhaps my conclusions are based on the specific task that I have before me and as a result, my perception is limited. However, I am more than open to someone pointing me in the right direction.